Hungary
Hungary in Europe
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Description of Hungary
The Concise Publication of the European Union describes hungary in the following terms: [1] Hungary fought on the German side in World War II and after defeat in 1945 fell under the domination of the Soviet Union. By 1952 the entire economy had been redrawn along communist lines. An uprising in 1956, the consequence of popular demands for Soviet troop withdrawals and free elections, was violently crushed and a new Soviet-backed puppet administration under Janos Kadar was put in place (see more in this European publication). Kadar remained in power until 1989, having in the meantime been compelled by declining living standards and growing foreign debt to introduce some economic reforms. In 1989, as the Soviet empire collapsed, the formation of political parties in Hungary was finally allowed, and late in the year the national Assembly declared the country an independent democratic state.
The advent of economic liberalisation in Hungary proved traumatic. Despite the privatisation of almost half of the country's state businesses, greater trade with the West could not immediately compensate for the severing of links with the Soviet Union and the disruption of trade with Yugoslavia occasioned by the Bosnian crisis. Disillusionment with the conservatives led to the victory in the 1994 elections of the refashioned Communist Party, renamed the Hungarian Socialist Party, under a former Stalinist, Gyula Horn, who prudently formed a coalition government to mark his transformation into a social democrat.
A debt crisis in 1995 prompted a round of market-oriented reforms, with dramatic effects. The influx of foreign capital rose, the overseas debt was reduced and GDP turned upwards. Hungary applied for membership of the EUin 1994 and voted to join NATO in a 1997 referendum, albeit on a turnout of under 50%. Over 60% of the country's external trade is now with the EU and Hungary is favoured to be among the first of the ex-communist states to be admitted to the Community.
Resources
Notas y References
Based on the book "A Concise Publication of the European Union from Aachen to Zollverein", by Rodney Leach (Profile Books; London)
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